What is the primary purpose of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)?

The primary purpose of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), commonly known as TIG welding, is indeed to join metals using a non-consumable tungsten electrode. In this process, the tungsten electrode produces an arc that melts the base metal and a filler rod, if used, to create a strong weld joint. The key characteristic of GTAW is that it uses a non-consumable electrode made of tungsten, which means the electrode does not melt or get consumed during the welding process. This allows for precise control over the heat input and greater cleanliness in the weld, making it suitable for welding thin materials and achieving high-quality welds in various metals, including aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium.

The other options relate to different processes or purposes. Cutting metals quickly and efficiently is associated with methods like plasma cutting or oxy-fuel cutting, while forging involves reshaping hot metals rather than joining them. Applying surface coatings typically refers to processes like electroplating or thermal spraying, which differ fundamentally from welding operations focused on joining materials. Thus, the correct answer accurately reflects the fundamental function of GTAW in the welding technology spectrum.