Why is tungsten used as an electrode in GTAW?

Tungsten is used as an electrode in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) primarily because it has a high melting point and excellent electrical conductivity. The high melting point (approximately 3422°C or 6192°F) allows tungsten to maintain its structural integrity even under the intense heat generated during the welding process. This is crucial for providing a stable and consistent arc, which is a key characteristic of GTAW. Additionally, tungsten's good conductivity ensures that it efficiently transmits electrical current from the welding machine to the arc, facilitating effective welding operations.

The high melting point also allows for longer electrode life and the ability to withstand the thermal loads without deforming or burning away. These properties make tungsten an ideal choice for use in GTAW compared to other materials that may not perform as effectively under high temperatures or that might have lower electrical conductivity. This combination of durability and performance is essential for achieving high-quality welds and ensuring the reliability of the welding process.